Root Canal Treatment (RCT) is a dental procedure used to treat infections or damage within the pulp of a tooth. The pulp is the soft tissue inside the tooth that contains nerves and blood vessels. When it becomes inflamed or infected due to deep decay, a crack, or trauma, a root canal is performed to remove the affected pulp, clean and disinfect the inner part of the tooth, and then seal it with a filling or crown to protect and restore its functionality.

You need a root canal if the pulp of your tooth is infected or severely damaged. Infection can occur due to untreated cavities, repeated dental procedures on a tooth, cracks or chips in the tooth, or trauma. Without timely treatment, the infection can spread, leading to pain, swelling, and even the loss of the tooth. RCT saves the natural tooth, relieving pain and restoring its functionality.

The cost of root canal treatment can vary depending on the complexity of the procedure, the location of the tooth, and the dentist’s expertise. On average, root canal treatment can cost between ₹3,000 to ₹15,000 in India . Additional costs for crowns or restorations may apply, which are required to fully protect the treated tooth.

Modern root canal treatments are usually not painful. With the use of local anesthesia, patients typically feel little to no pain during the procedure. In fact, root canal treatment is meant to relieve the intense pain caused by infection or damage to the tooth pulp. After the procedure, some mild discomfort or soreness may occur for a few days, but this can be managed with over-the-counter pain medication.

Yes, root canal treatment can sometimes be done in a single visit, especially in less complex cases. However, in cases of severe infection or damage, or if additional procedures like placing a crown are required, multiple visits may be necessary. Your dentist will assess your case and recommend the appropriate number of visits. 

The process of root canal treatment involves several steps: 

1. Diagnosis and Imaging: The dentist will examine your tooth and take X-rays to assess the extent of infection and plan the treatment. 

1. Anesthesia: Local anesthesia is applied to numb the affected area, ensuring that the procedure is painless. 

1. Access Opening: A small hole is drilled into the tooth to access the infected pulp. 

1. Pulp Removal and Cleaning: The infected or damaged pulp is removed from the tooth’s root canals, which are then cleaned, shaped, and disinfected to prevent further infection. 

1. Filling the Canals: The cleaned root canals are filled with a rubber-like material called gutta-percha to seal them and prevent reinfection. 

1. Sealing and Restoration: Depending on the case, the tooth is temporarily sealed or a permanent filling/crown is placed to restore the tooth’s function and appearance. 

1. Follow-up: In some cases, a second visit is required to place a permanent crown or final restoration to protect the tooth long-term. 

Symptoms that suggest you may need a root canal include:

• Severe tooth pain, especially when chewing or applying pressure
• Prolonged sensitivity to hot or cold, even after the sensation has been removed
• Darkening or discoloration of the tooth
• Swelling or tenderness in the nearby gums
• A persistent or recurring pimple on the gums

If you experience these symptoms, it’s important to consult a dentist promptly.